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A great deal has been written about conflict and conflict resolution (the latter is a science in itself). Less has been written about the cycle of conflict, resolution, reconciliation. This book covers new ground in treating the three phases together. Eight examples of conflict have been selected as case studies in Chapters 2 to 9 in the hope of encouraging understanding and discussion of the o…
Never since the neolithic age has mankind undergone a change in production techniques comparable in range and depth to that of the industrial revolution" ushered in during the 18th century. The profound transformations of the social and economic structure through the invention of the potter's kiln and the loom and the introduction of stock breeding and agriculture during the later stone age are…
One of the greatest impediments to understanding the chronic socio-economic stagnation that characterizes most of the Third World is the belief that it was caused by Western imperialism, which is thought to have blocked development forces that were burgeoning, or about to burgeon. In fact, the West is no more to blame for the present impasse than for the widespread Afro-Asian inertia that prece…
The dawn of the 20th century found much of the world in a mood of opti mism and expectation. Perhaps in my own ever-hopeful country above all, people in the year 1900 truly believed in the beneficence of human nature, the perfectibility of social institutions, the inevitability of reform, the obsolescence of war, and the coming reign through the 20th century of reason and of peace.rn
In 1513 the first European sailors, four Porte- guese ships under the command of de Alvin, arrived from Malacca which had been conquered two years earlier by Alfonso d'Albuquerque They were looking for spices, especially pepper An eye-witness, Tomé Pires, tells us of a deep harbour, bustling and well-organised. Some years later, the Portuguese Enrique Leme visited Kalapa with presents for the …
In the summer of 1993 the journal Foreign Affairs published an article of mine titled The Clash of Civilizations?" That article, according to the Foreign Affairs editors, stirred up more discussion in three years than any other article they had published since the 1940s. It certainly stirred up more debate in three years than anything else I have written. The responses and comments on it have c…