The epoch whose final years are the subject of this book did not die of old age or accident but exploded in a terminal crisis which is one of the great facts of history. No mention of that crisis appears in the following pages for the reason that, as it had not yet happened, it was not a part of the experience of the people of this book. I have tried to stay within the terms of what was known a…
rl/ 20-4-2022
Of course the younger generation are always critical of their elders. They always imagine that the world has only been awaiting their arrival and intervention to become a better and a happier place. But it needs a great deal more than that, a great deal more than such a mild troubling of the waters, to account for a change so abrupt and so decisive as that we are now considering. One day, the F…
the causality underlying highly comples groups of fact thecy yield slowly before methods of science or scholat ship developed step by step, systematically, cumula tively. We possess only partial and scattered techniques as yet to help us answer why civilizations are as they are I therefore renounce at the outset any claim of presem ing nations. Before such understanding of cause can be ing new …
The practice of history has to contend with philosophies of history that exist in two different worlds. One is inhabited by philosophers, the other by historians. Workers in these different worlds rarely attend to the work of each other, despite overlap- ping interests. Nowhere is this more true than in questions surrounding what philosophers call realism and what historians call objectivity. T…
The End of History" would never have existed, either as an article or as this present book, without the invitation to deliver a lecture by that title during the 1988-89 academic year, extended by Professors Nathan Tarcov and Allan Bloom of the John M. Olin Center for Inquiry into the Theory and Practice of Democ- racy at the University of Chicago. Both have been long-time teach ers and friends …
T HE 'philosophy of history' is the term customarily used to designate those general and somewhat vague speculations about the pattern and meaning of historical events in which historians, philosophers and even theologians occasionally indulge. As the term itself shows, this is a branch of human thought which has not yet emerged from the womb of philosophy, philosophy, it has not yet become a s…
There has been a veritable Hegel Renaissance, especially in France and Germany. This renewed interest in Hegel is preoccupied with Hegel's metaphysical and religious ideas. The favorite work and the one having given rise to the most interesting discussions is the Phenomenology of the Spirit. The most remarkable book in this trend is Alexandre Kojëve, Introduction à la Lecture de Hegel-Leçons…
OUR SUBJECT is the birth of civilization in the Near East. We shall not, therefore, consider the question how civilization in the abstract became possible. I do not think there is an answer to that question; in any case it is a philosophical rather than a historical one. But it may be said that the material we are going to discuss has a unique bearing on it all the same. For the emergence of Eg…
This book is the result of many years' effort to deal effectively with the problems involved in the first part of a survey course in world history. The chief problem, as every instructor will recognize, is how to provide an interpretation of major past civilizations while at the same time giving enough facts to make the interpretation meaningful. The student needs both fact and interpretation; …