Buku
IBN khaldun's philosophy of history :A study in the philosophic foundation of the science of culture
In no other field has the revolt of modern Western thought against traditional philosophy been so far-reaching in its conse- quences as in the field of history. The case between the ancients and their modern critics in its extreme form can be formulated as follows: For the ancients, historical knowledge is impos- sible; while for their modern critics all knowledge is historical. For the ancients, history means the description and explanation of actual events which are useful both as examples for men of action, and as material for the practical and theoretical sciences. Since the end of philosophy or science is the demonstration of necessary and explanatory conclusions which claim universal validity, history is, at best, the most humble of sciences because its conclusions are necessarily relative to particular events. For their modern critics, philosophy par excellence is the philosophy of history or the complete philosophy conceived from an historical point of view. The modern critics of traditional philosophy assert, not only that all facts are historical, but also that all reality is historical
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