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Geographic information systems
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are now essential to the work of an increasingly diverse range of organizations concerned with population characteristics, from local government and health authorities to major retailers and marketing agencies.rnrnThe period since the mid-1980s has seen massive growth in the field of GIS computer-based systems for the handling of geographically refer- enced information. This growth is due to an explosion in the availability of geographically referenced datasets in the public and commercial domains. Many countries held major censuses of population at the start of the 1990s and the resulting datasets have initiated new waves of GIS applications and specialist software development. GIS have a unique role in the integration of the existing records held by government and commerical organizations, and form the focus for a growing software and data industry.
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